COUNTRY
CAPITAL
POPULATION
OFFICIAL AND NATIONAL LANGUAGE
OTHER SPOKEN LANGUAGES
TOTAL AREA
VEHICLES PER 1,000 PEOPLE
YEAR
test-Algeria
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-ALGERIA
ALGERIAALGIERS38,700,000Arabic,
Berber languages, four dialects (by constitutional amendment)		French2,381,740 km2382015
test-Angola
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-ANGOLA
ANGOLALUANDA20,609,294
PortugueseNarrow Bantu like Umbundu and other African languages1,246,700 km21142015
GoNMF-Angola
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-ANGOLA
BAHRAINMANAMA1,378,904
EnglishEnglish, Farsi, Urdu760 sq km3522016
GoNMF-Benin
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-BENIN
BENINPORTO-NOVO10,323,000FrenchFon and Yoruba (most common vernaculars in south), tribal languages (at least six major ones in north).112,622 km2222015
GoNMF-Algeria
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-BOTSWANA
BOTSWANAGABORONE2,024,904Setswana (national language with minor differences in dialects), English is the official business language and it is widely spoken in urban areas.581,730 km21332015
Burkina Faso
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-BURKINA FASO
BURKINA FASOOUAGADOUGOU17,322,796FrenchNative African languages belonging to Sudanic family spoken by 90% of the population.274,000 km2122015
BURUNDI
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-BURUNDI
BURUNDIBUJUMBURA10,163,000Kirundi, FrenchSwahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area).27,834km262015
CAMEROON
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-CAMEROON
CAMEROONYAOUNDE20,386,799English, French24 major African language groups.475,442 km2142015
CAPE VERDE
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-CAPE VERDE
CAPE VERDEPRAIA491,875PortugueseKabuverdianu (Crioulo) (a blend of Portuguese and West African words).4,033 km21012015
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLICBANGUI4,616,000French, Sangho (lingua franca and national language)Banda, Gbaya and other tribal languages.622,984 km242015
CHAD
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-CHAD
CHADN'DJAMENA12,825,000French, ArabicSara (in south), more than 120 different languages and dialects.1,284,000 km262015
COMOROS
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-COMOROS
COMOROSMORONI743,798
Arabic, FrenchShikomoro (a blend of Swahili and Arabic).2,235 km2332015
D.R CONGO
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-D.R CONGO
D.R CONGOKINSHASA67,514,000
FrenchLingala (a lingua franca trade language), Kingwana (a dialect of Kiswahili or Swahili), Kikongo, Tshiluba.2,344,860 km252015
R.O CONGO
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-R.O CONGO
R.O CONGOBRAZZAVILLE4,448,000
FrenchLingala and Monokutuba (lingua franca trade languages), many local languages and dialects (of which Kikongo is the most widespread).
342,000 km2272015
COTE D'IVOIRE
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-COTE D'IVOIRE
COTE D'IVOIREYAMOUSSOUKRO23,202,000
French60 native dialects with Dioula the most widely spoken.322,463 km2202015
DJIBOUTI
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-DJIBOUTI
DJIBOUTIDJIBOUTI873,00
French, ArabicSomali, Afar23,200 km2282015
EGYPT
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-EGYPT
EGYPTCAIRO86,127,000
ArabicEnglish and French widely understood by educated classes.980,869 km2452015
EQUATORIAL GUINEA
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-EQUATORIAL GUINEA
EQUATORIAL GUINEAMALABO736,296
Spanish, Frenchpidgin English, Fang, Bubi, Ibo.28,051 km2132015
ERITREA
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-ERITREA
ERITREAASMARA6,333,000Tigrinya (Tigrigna), Arabic, EnglishTigré (second major language), Afar, Bedawi, Kunama, other Cushitic languages.117,600 km2112015
ETHIOPIA
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-ETHIOPIA
ETHIOPIAADDIS ABABA86,613,986AmharicTigrinya, Oromo, Gurage, Somali, Arabic, 80 other local languages, English (major foreign language taught in schools)1,104,300 km232015
GABON
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-GABON
GABONLIBREVILLE1,672,000FrenchBantu languages like Fang, Myene, Nzebi, Bapounou/Eschira, Bandjabi.267,668 km2142015
GAMBIA
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-GAMBIA
GAMBIABANJUL1,849,000EnglishMandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars.11,295 km272015
GHANA
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-GHANA
GHANAACCRA24,658,823EnglishAfrican languages (including Akan, Adangme, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga)238,533 km2302015
GUINEA
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-GUINEA
GUINEACONAKRY10,824,200French (spoken by 15-20%)Eight national languages, Soussou (Susu, in coastal Guinea), Peulh (Fulani, in Northrn Guinea), Maninka (Upper Guinea), Kissi (Kissidougou Region), Toma and Guerze (Kpelle) in rain forest Guinea; plus various ethnic groups with their own language.245,857 km252015
GUINEA-BISSAU
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-GUINEA-BISSAU
GUINEA-BISSAUBISSAU1,704,000PortugueseCrioulo (a mixture of Portuguese and African), other African languages.
36,125 km2332015
IRAQ
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-GUINEA-BISSAU
IRAQBAGHDAD38,146,025Arabic and KurdishTurkmen, Assyrian, Armenian438,317 sq km792016
IRAN
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-GUINEA-BISSAU
IRANTEHREN82,801,633PersianAzeri Turkic and Turkic dialects, Kurdish, Gilaki and Mazandarani, Luri, Balochi, Arabic,1,648,195 sq km1272016
GUINEA-BISSAU
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-GUINEA-BISSAU
ISRAELJERULSALEM8,174,527HebrewArabic and English20,770 sq km3312016
GUINEA-BISSAU
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-GUINEA-BISSAU
JORDANAMMAN8,185,384ArabicEnglish89,342 sq km1772016
KENYA
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-KENYA
KENYANAIROBI44,354,000English, Kiswahilinumerous indigenous languages.580,367 km2242015
KENYA
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-KENYA
KUWAITKUWAIT CITY2,832,776ArabicEnglish17,818 sq km5372016
LESOTHO
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-LESOTHO
LESOTHOMASERU2,074,000Sesotho (southern Sotho), EnglishZulu, Xhosa.30,355 km242015
LIBERIA
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-LIBERIA
LIBERIAMONROVIA4,294,000English 20%some 20 ethnic group languages, of which a few can be written and are used in correspondence.111,369 km232015
LIBYA
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-LIBYA
LIBYATRIPOLI6,202,000ArabicItalian, English, all are widely understood in the major cities.1,759,540 km22902015
MADAGASCAR
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-MADAGASCAR
MADAGASCARANTANANARIVO21,263,403French, Malagasy587,041 km2262015
MALAWI
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-MALAWI
MALAWILILONGWE16,363,000English, Nyanja (Chichewa, Chewa)Lomwe, Tumbuka, Yao, other languages important regionally.118,484 km282015
MALI
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-MALI
MALIBAMAKO15,302,000FrenchBambara (Bamanakan), Arabic and numerous dialects of Dogoso, Fulfulde, Koyracini, Senoufou, and Mandinka/Malinké (Maninkakan), Tamasheq are also widely spoken.1,240,190 km2142015
MAURITANIA
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-MAURITANIA
MAURITANIANOUAKCHOTT3,461,041ArabicHassaniya Arabic, Pulaar, Soninke, Wolof, French1,025,520 km252015
MAURITIUS
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-MAURITIUS
MAURITIUSPORT LOUIS1,257,900English, FrenchCreole, Hindi, Urdu, Hakka, Bhojpuri2,040 km21752015
MOROCCO
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-MOROCCO
MOROCCORABAT33,202,300ArabicBerber dialects, French often the language of business, government, and diplomacy.446,550 km2702015
MOZAMBIQUE
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-MOZAMBIQUE
MOZAMBIQUEMAPUTO23,700,715Portuguese (spoken by 27% of population as a second language)Makhuwa, Tsonga, Lomwe, Sena, numerous other indigenous languages.801,590 km2122015
NAMIBIA
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-NAMIBIA
NAMIBIAWINDHOEK2,113,077English 7%Afrikaans common language of most of the population and about 60% of the white population, German 32%, indigenous languages: Oshivambo, Herero, Nama.824,292 km21072015
NIGER
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-NIGER
OMANMUSCAT3,355,262ARABICEnglish, Baluchi, Urdu, Indian dialects 309,500 sq km2292016
NIGER
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-NIGER
NIGERNIAMEY17,129,076FrenchHausa, Djerma1,267,000 km272015
NIGER
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-NIGER
NIGERNIAMEY17,129,076FrenchHausa, Djerma1,267,000 km272015
REUNION
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-REUNION
REUNIONSAINT-DENIS844,994FrenchRéunion Creole widely used2,511 km212015
RWANDA
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-RWANDA
RWANDAKIGALI10,537,222Rwanda (Kinyarwanda, Bantu vernacular) French, EnglishKiswahili (Swahili) used in commercial centers.26,338 km252015
RWANDA
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-RWANDA
QATARDOHA2,258,283ArabicEnglish11,586 sq km5152016
SAINT HELENA
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-SAINT HELENA
SAINT HELENARIYADH28,160,273ARABIC2,149,690 sq km1852016
SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE
SAO TOME AND PRINCIPESAO TOME187,356Portuguese964 km222015
SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE
SAUDI ARABIASAO TOME187,356Portuguese964 km222015
SENEGAL
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-SENEGAL
SENEGALDAKAR13,567,388FrenchWolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka196,722 km2222015
SEYCHELLES
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-SEYCHELLES
SEYCHELLESVICTORIA90,945French, EnglishCreole455 km21762015
SIERRA LEONE
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-SIERRA LEONE
SIERRA LEONEFREETOWN6,190,280English (regular use limited to literate minority)Mende (principal vernacular in the south), Temne (principal vernacular in the north), Krio (English-based Creole a first language for 10% of the population but understood by 95%)71,740 km262015
SOMALIA
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-SOMALIA
SOMALIAMOGADISHU10,496,000SomaliArabic, Italian, English637,657 km232015
SOUTH AFRICA
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-SOUTH AFRICA
SOUTH AFRICAPRETORIA52,981,991Afrikaans, English, isiNdebele, Pedi, Sesotho (Sotho), siSwati (Swazi), Xitsonga (Tsonga), Tswana, Tshivenda (Venda), isiXhosa, isiZulu1,221,040 km21652015
SOUTH SUDAN
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-SOUTH SUDAN
SOUTH SUDANJUBA10,625,176ArabicNubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages, English. note: program of "Arabization" in process644,329 km2272015
SWAZILAND
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-SWAZILAND
SWAZILANDMBABANE1,250,000English (government business conducted in English), siSwati17,364 km2892015
UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA
UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIADODOMA44,928,923Kiswahili (Swahili), Kiunguju (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education)Arabic (widely spoken in Zanzibar), Gogo, Haya, Makonde, Nyakyusa, Nyamwezi, Sukuma, Tumbuka, many other local languages.945,087 km272015
TOGO
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-TOGO
TOGOLOME6,191,155French (the language of commerce)Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north)56,785 km222015
TUNISIA
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-TUNISIA
TUNISIATUNIS10,886,500Arabic (and the languages of commerce)French (commerce)1163,610 km21252015
UGANDA
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-UGANDA
UAEABU DHABI5,927,482ArabicPersian, English, Hindi, Urdu83,600 sq km2532016
UGANDA
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-UGANDA
UGANDAKAMPALA35,357,000English (used in courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio broadcasts)Ganda (Luganda; most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages, preferred for native language publications), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Acoli, Swahili, Arabic241,038 km282015
WESTERN SAHARA
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-WESTERN SAHARA
WESTERN SAHARALAAYOUNE567,000Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic266,000 km212015
ZAMBIA
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-ZAMBIA
ZAMBIALUSAKA14,580,290Englishmajor vernaculars: Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages.390,757 km2212015
ZIMBABWE
FRICTION ANTIDOTE-ZIMBABWE
ZIMBABWEHARARE12,973,808Chishona (Shona), Sindebele (Ndebele), numerous but minor tribal dialects like: Sotho and Nambya, Shangani, Venda, Chewa, Nyanja, and Tonga.390,757 km21142015

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